indication

For the treatment of bronchospasm due to asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

pharmacology

Aminophylline is the ethylenediamine salt of theophylline. Theophylline stimulates the CNS, skeletal muscles, and cardiac muscle. It relaxes certain smooth muscles in the bronchi through PDE3 inhibition, produces diuresis, and causes an increase in gastric secretion.

mechanism of action

Theophylline is structurally related to theobromine and caffeine. The precise mechanism of action of theophylline is not known, however, it is thought to be a phosphodiesterase inhibitor which may give a bronchodilatory effect. It also binds adenosine receptors.

half life

7-9 hours

drug interactions

Aciclovir: Acyclovir increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline

Adenosine: This xanthine decreases the effect of adenosine

Amobarbital: The barbiturate, amobarbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Aprobarbital: The barbiturate, aprobarbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Atracurium: Theophylline decreases the effect of muscle relaxant

Bromazepam: Aminophylline may decrease the therapeutic effect of bromazepam. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic effects of bromazepam if aminophylline is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.

Butabarbital: The barbiturate, butabarbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Butalbital: The barbiturate, butalbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Butethal: The barbiturate, butethal, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Carbamazepine: Carbamazepine may decrease the serum concentration of aminophylline. Aminophylline may decrease the serum concentration of carbamazepine. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic effect of both agents if concomitant therapy is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.

Carteolol: Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline

Cimetidine: Cimetidine may increase the serum concentration of aminophylline by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of aminophylline if cimetidine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.

Ciprofloxacin: Ciprofloxacin may increase the effect of aminophylline.

Clarithromycin: Clarithromycin may increase the effect amd toxicity of aminophylline.

Dihydroquinidine barbiturate: The barbiturate, dihydroquinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Disulfiram: Disulfiram may increase the effect and toxicity of aminophylline.

Doxacurium chloride: Theophylline decreases the effect of muscle relaxant

Enoxacin: Enoxacin may increase the effect of aminophylline.

Erythromycin: The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of the theophylline derivative, aminophylline.

Ethinyl Estradiol: The contraceptive increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline

Ethotoin: Decreased effect of both products

Fluvoxamine: Fluvoxamine may increase the effect and toxicity of aminophylline.

Fosphenytoin: Decreased effect of both products

Grepafloxacin: Grepafloxacin may increase the effect of aminophylline.

Halothane: Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia

Heptabarbital: The barbiturate, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Hexobarbital: The barbiturate, hexobarbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Interferon Alfa-2a, Recombinant: Interferon increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline

Interferon Alfa-2b, Recombinant: Interferon increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline

Interferon alfa-n1: Interferon increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline

Isoniazid: Isoniazid may increase the effect and toxicity of oxtriphylline.

Josamycin: The macrolide, josamycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of the theophylline derivative, aminophylline.

Lithium: Theophylline decreases serum levels of lithium

Mephenytoin: Decreased effect of both products

Mestranol: The contraceptive increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline

Methohexital: The barbiturate, methohexital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Methylphenobarbital: The barbiturate, methylphenobarbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Metocurine: Theophylline decreases the effect of muscle relaxant

Mexiletine: Mexiletine increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline

Mivacurium: Theophylline decreases the effect of muscle relaxant

Nadolol: Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline

Norfloxacin: Norfloxacin may increase the effect of aminophylline.

Pancuronium: Theophylline decreases the effect of muscle relaxant

Pefloxacin: Pefloxacin may increase the effect of aminophylline.

Peginterferon alfa-2a: Interferon increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline

Peginterferon alfa-2b: Interferon increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline

Penbutolol: Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline

Pentobarbital: The barbiturate, pentobarbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Pentoxifylline: Pentoxifylline may increase the effect and toxicity of aminophylline.

Phenobarbital: The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Phenytoin: Decreased effect of both products

Pindolol: Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline

Primidone: The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Propafenone: Propafenone increases the effect of theophylline

Propranolol: Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline

Quinidine barbiturate: The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Rifampin: Rifampin decreases the effect of theophylline

Ritonavir: Ritonavir decreases the effect of theophylline

Rofecoxib: Rofecoxib increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline

Secobarbital: The barbiturate, secobarbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Sotalol: Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline

St. John's Wort: St. John's Wort decreases the effect of theophylline

Tacrine: Tacrine may reduce the elimination rate of Aminophylline. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and toxic effects of theophylline if Tacrine is initiated, discontinued or if the dose is changed.

Talbutal: The barbiturate, talbutal, decreases the effect of aminophylline.

Temazepam: Aminophylline may decrease the efficacy of Temazepam. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic effect of Temazepam if Aminophylline is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.

Terbinafine: Terbinafine increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline

Thiabendazole: The strong CYP1A2 inhibitor, Thiabendazole, may increase the effects and toxicity of Aminophylline by decreasing Aminophylline metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Aminophylline if Thiabendazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.

Ticlopidine: Ticlopidine increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline

Timolol: Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline

Troleandomycin: The macrolide, troleandomycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of theophylline derivative, aminophylline.

Tubocurarine: Theophylline decreases the effect of muscle relaxant

Vecuronium: Theophylline decreases the effect of muscle relaxant

Verapamil: Verapamil increases the effect of theophylline

Zafirlukast: Zafirlukast serum concentrations may be decreased by the theophylline derivative Aminophylline.

Zileuton: Zileuton increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline