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Sirolimus |
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indicationFor the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants.pharmacologySirolimus, a macrocyclic lactone produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus, is an immunosuppressive agent indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants. It is recommended that sirolimus be used in a regimen with cyclosporine and corticosteroids.mechanism of actionSirolimus inhibits T lymphocyte activation and proliferation that occurs in response to antigenic and cytokine (Interleukin IL-2, IL-4, and IL-15) stimulation by a mechanism that is distinct from that of other immunosuppressants. Sirolimus also inhibits antibody production. In cells, sirolimus binds to the immunophilin, FK Binding Protein-12 (FKBP-12), to generate an immunosuppressive complex. The sirolimus:FKBP-12 complex has no effect on calcineurin activity. This complex binds to and inhibits the activation of the mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR), a key regulatory kinase. This inhibition suppresses cytokine-driven T-cell proliferation, inhibiting the progression from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle.half life57-63 hoursdrug interactionsAtazanavir: Increases the effect and toxicity of immunosuppressantClarithromycin: The macrolide, clarithromycin, may increase the serum concentration of sirolimus. Cyclosporine: Increases the effect and toxicity of sirolimus Diltiazem: Increases the effect and toxicity of sirolimus Erythromycin: The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the serum concentration of sirolimus. Fosphenytoin: The hydantoin decreases sirolimus levels Itraconazole: Itraconazole may increase the effect and toxicity of sirolimus. Ketoconazole: Ketoconazole may increase the effect and toxicity of sirolimus. Phenytoin: The hydantoin decreases sirolimus levels Rifabutin: The rifamycin decreases the effect of sirolimus Rifampin: The rifamycin decreases the effect of sirolimus Tacrolimus: Sirolimus may decrease the blood concentration of Tacrolimus. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/toxic effects of Tacrolimus if Sirolimus therapy is initiated, discontinued or altered. Telithromycin: Telithromycin may reduce clearance of Sirolimus. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Sirolimus if Telithromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. Tipranavir: Tipranavir may affect the efficacy/toxicity of Sirolimus. Trandolapril: Increased risk of angioedema. Monitor for signs and symptoms of facial and systemic edema and/or erythema. Trastuzumab: Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events. Voriconazole: Voriconazole may increase the serum concentration of sirolimus likely by inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated metabolism or p-glyprotein transport of sirolimus. Consider alternate therapy or reduce the dose of sirolimus and monitor serum levels during concomitant therapy. |