indication

For the treatment of perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis.

pharmacology

Triamcinolone and its derivatives are synthetic glucocorticoids that are used for their antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive properties.

mechanism of action

The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition of arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Firstly, however, these glucocorticoids bind to the glucocorticoid receptors which translocate into the nucleus and bind DNA (GRE) and change genetic expression both positively and negatively. The immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding.

toxicity

LD₅₀=>500mg/kg (in rats)

biotransformation

Hepatic.

absorption

Rapid absorption following oral administration

half life

88 minutes

drug interactions

Acenocoumarol: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, alters the anticoagulant effect, acenocoumarol.

Acetylsalicylic acid: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, may decrease the effect of the salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid.

Ambenonium: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, may decrease the effect of the anticholinesterase, ambenonium.

Amobarbital: The barbiturate, amobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Anisindione: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, alters the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.

Aprobarbital: The barbiturate, aprobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Bismuth Subsalicylate: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, may decrease the effect of the salicylate, bismuth subsalicylate.

Butabarbital: The barbiturate, butabarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Butalbital: The barbiturate, butalbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Butethal: The barbiturate, butethal, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Dicumarol: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, alters the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.

Dihydroquinidine barbiturate: The barbiturate, dihydroquinidine barbiturate, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Edrophonium: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, may decrease the effect of the anticholinesterase, edrophonium.

Ethotoin: The enzyme inducer, ethotoin, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Fosphenytoin: The enzyme inducer, fosphenytoin, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Heptabarbital: The barbiturate, heptabarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Hexobarbital: The barbiturate, hexobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Magnesium salicylate: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, may decrease the effect of magnesium salicylate.

Mephenytoin: The enzyme inducer, mephenytoin, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Methohexital: The barbiturate, methohexital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Methylphenobarbital: The barbiturate, methylphenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Midodrine: Increased arterial pressure

Neostigmine: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, may decrease the effect of the anticholinesterase, neostigmine.

Pentobarbital: The barbiturate, pentobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Phenobarbital: The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Phenytoin: The enzyme inducer, phenytoin, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Primidone: The barbiturate, primidone, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Pyridostigmine: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, may decrease the effect of the anticholinesterase, pyridostigmine.

Quinidine barbiturate: The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Rifampin: The enzyme inducer, rifampin, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Salicylate-sodium: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, may decrease the effect of the salicylate, salicylate-sodium.

Salsalate: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, may decrease the effect of the salicylate, salsalate.

Secobarbital: The barbiturate, secobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Tacrine: Tacrine and Triamcinolone may independently exacerbate muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis patients. Monitor for additive muscle weakness effects.

Talbutal: The barbiturate, talbutal, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.

Trastuzumab: Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.

Trisalicylate-choline: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, may decrease the effect of the salicylate, trisalicylate-choline.

Vecuronium: Vecuronium may increase the adverse neuromuscular effects of systemic corticosteroids, such as Triamcinolone. Monitor for increased muscle weakness and signs of polyneuropathies and myopathy.

Warfarin: The corticosteroid, triamcinolone, alters the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.